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Author(s): J.A. PATORSKI
Abstract:
HYDRAULICS, COLOUR AND ART
J.A.
PATORSKI
Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
ABSTRACT
This paper describes a thermo-hydraulics experiment performed on the mock-up of the liquid-metal cooled
steel target container of a spallation neutron source.
The beam of the Paul Scherrer Institute 600 MeV proton
accelerator is used to obtain a high-neutron flux.
This bombards a target under realistic experimental conditions,
hence, becoming a probe for scientific experiments.
The goal was to analyse and visualise the cooling of
the target proton entrance window.
In the mock-up, heat removal is realised by forced convection of a mercury
coolant.
A description of the test set-up is given and qualitative as well as quantitative results from the cooling
process are presented visually.
In addition, an improvement in interpretation of data is shown by using colours.
In the final section, an artistic output entitled ‘The Collection’ is presented; this consists of artificially-coloured
infrared thermograms resembling, and compared with, butterflies.
Keywords:
thermo-hydraulics of liquid metals, IR Thermography measurements, visualization of internal flow
within convection boundary layer, heat transfer visualization, art in science
1 INTRODUCTION
As part of the development programme of the Swiss Intense Neutron Source (SINQ) at the Paul
Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the European Spallation Source (ESS), neutron spallation sources experimental
concepts with liquid-metal (LM) targets have been proposed [1].
One concept using a high-power neutron spallation source with a circulated LM target is shown
in Fig.
1.
The 600 MeV proton beam of the PSI accelerator penetrates into the target of the SINQ
facility through a beam entry window.
This window is strongly heated by the proton beam, the heat
deposition in the steel wall resulting in a heat fl ux q* of up to 140 W/cm2 at the inner surface of the
window.
The LM, in this case, mercury, is simultaneously used as target material and coolant.
It is
contained in an approximately 4-m long structure made of concentric pipes and vessels.
The neutron-
producing part of the target consists of two concentric steel pipes fi lled with mercury and placed
in the centre of the SINQ moderator tank.
The lower part of the outer pipe is closed off with a
hemispherical shell, i.e.
LM container (LMC), causing the LM fl owing down the annulus to perform
a U-turn and to return upwards through the inner riser pipe (RP) to the electro-magnetic pump and
the target heat exchanger.
The experiments on the cooling of the proton beam entry window are part of the development programme
for neutron spallation sources with LM targets at PSI.
A two-dimensional and dynamic (2DD)
method of using infrared thermography (IRT) techniques is applied for visualising the cooling effi -
ciency of the heated window wall.
This 2DD IRT methodology developed at PSI was around 2000 [2],
and constantly improved upon subsequently [3, 4].
It allows the elaboration of heat transfer coeffi cient
(HTC) charts.
The 2DD IRT methodology is based on the emissivity-corrected measurement of the
thermal radiation field emitted from the outer surface and arithmetical constructions of the temperature
fields on outer and inner surfaces of the LMC window.
Finally, the field of the differential temperature,
i.e.
the difference between the inner-surface temperature and the bulk LM coolant temperature, is
worked out.
...
Pages: 8
Size: 2,894 kb
Paper DOI: 10.2495/978-1-84564-568-7/09
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